Learning strategies the-process of learning

                 

             With the rapid change in technology lot of changes occur frequently in day to day working of the industry.The change in technology and information required by the industry has to adopt quickly by its employees. The industry is looking for some special traits like "learning to learn" or "lifelong learning" characteristic in its employees. Learning strategies ensures fast and permanent learning by an individual. There is a systematic way of learning induced through learning structures.

                 Learning is said to be change in behavior of learner. The change in behavior occurs due to response or experience received by the learner. The learning is also represented by S-R theory. It shows that the stimuli received by sensory organs create response by the body of the human being and that response is stored in the memory as the piece of learning. Whenever in future such type of stimulus is confronted, the brain cells record this response from the memory and accordingly compel the human being to change his behavior to negotiate the stimulus.

Learning process

            Learning process is defined as the relatively permanent change in behavior of a learner. This change in behavior is under the influence of experience which learner has stored in his memory or brain or cognitive domain.

The learning process can be divided into 5 steps:

1. Take in information through the senses.
2. Figure out what it means.
3. File it into memory.
4. Later, recall it from memory and apply it.
5. Feed it back to the outside world through some form of expressions, such as speech or writing.

Organization of knowledge

            The learning course in human being when learner is export to the learning environment. The teacher facilitates the learner to make learning process easier. The learning hierarchy will help learner to acquire the learning more systematically. It lasts more for a learner. The hierarchy of learning as the name indicates starts from lower level to higher level.

Facts

 Facts are the Undisputed statements, hence they are universally accepted. For example: Sun sets in the West, India won independence in 1947 etc. As a teacher it is always better to quote perfectly before students, related to the topic. The facts narrated to the learner help to reinforce his faith in the learning phenomena.

Concepts

Everything in nature is itself a concept. There may be simple and complex concepts or even lower order and higher order concepts.

• Concept is a set of objects or events that share common characteristics.
• Concepts are mental tools for describing the world.
• Concepts are generalities.
• Generalities are abstractions that is, they describe a set of specific instances.

          For example "friction" is concept, "current" is a concept and so on. Every concept has its own characteristic called as attributes of concepts. Say for example the attributes of friction are as follows:

                                        

                                         Friction = oppose the motion

                                                       = depends on the nature of surface in contact

                                                       = is independent of 

             In this case friction is concrete concept and current is abstract concept. Concrete concept can be shown through example. For abstract concept only effect can be perceived. Abstract concept cannot be seen or touched but can be experienced. For example force cannot be seen but experienced.

Principle

Principal consists of two or more concept. The student will easily understand the principle of the related concepts are properly learnt by the student. For example Newton's third law of motion States "For every action, there is a equal and opposite reaction" in this principal the action reaction equal and opposite are four different concepts. If the teacher at the beginning makes all the four related concepts clear then the principal will be easily understood and remembered forever by the learner.

• It is a statement about casual or correlation relationships
• Principles are potentially the most useful type of knowledge for explaining how the world works.
• Teaching principles (knowledge of cause and effects) can vastly increase their flexibility as problem solver enabling them to troubleshoot, innovate and invent rules and procedures based on their knowledge of cause and effects.
• However, teaching principal is difficult and it is of an easier to teach flats rules of thumb than to teach Complex descriptions of casual systems. often learners are taught principles (knowledge of cause and effect) without much help on how to apply (use) principles.

Procedure

         The procedure is the method which indicate the steps about how to complete the particular procedure. For example the "how to start the petrol engine?" or "how to start the car" is a procedure.

• A procedure is a set of sequential steps design to solve a specific problem that always presents itself in the same way and needs to be demonstrated.
• Every procedure has a goal to solve the problem.
• Procedures can be learned at both the remember and application level.

        For example the procedure to start Car may be listed below:

 See that car is in natural condition and release the hand brake if applied

1.  Start the engine keep; keep it running for some time.
2.  Press the clutch and put the first gear.
3. Slightly release the clutch so that motor engine engages with rear wheel assembly.
4.  Release the full clutch gradually and raise the accelerated simultaneously.
5.  Go on changing second third and fourth gear as the car picks up the speed.

This procedure looks simple but it contains number of Concept like neutral, gear clutch, brake, accelerator, motor, engine, Speed etc.

Application

              It is the highest order content of learning as it implies the use of knowledge in practical situation/ new situation. It is the test of learner also; about how much he has learnt. The teacher should use this from/content after completion of every topic or subtopic. The of problem situation is not only helpful to student but it also gives feedback to the concerned teacher about the success of his teaching methodology. Teacher gives suggestions to students if any change is required for effective learning process. Such problem situations may be created by the in the laboratory or classroom and ask students to react or respond to the situations.

Learning techniques 

               Understanding your own preferred learning styles can help you study more effectively by using techniques that can really improve the way you are: 

• pursuing information 
• processing information 
• organizing and presenting information

Perceiving information 

                When we gather information about the world around us we employ all our senses. But some of us employ one sense more than others. In fact, each of us uses all available senses to absorb information. But you may find it helpful to confirm that you are strength are with regard to perception.

• Sight 
• hearing(Auditory)
•  reading/ writing 
• other sensations

Processing information

 Once you've acquired information (by listening, reading, etc), You then process it mentally (by thinking about it and memorize it) you will have to natural preference for how you:

•  Grasp information
•  Order information
• Engage with information

Organizing and presenting information

 Finally, there is how you choose to share information with others. You will have to preference for how you: 

• Organised information with Holistic overview, or with detailed and logical analysis.
•  Present information verbally or using images.